Personal Trainer & Health Fitness News

New Exercise Stress Signaler for Muscle Adaptations Identified

Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:41:20 GMT

Researchers have identified a new key factor produced in working muscle that functions to promote muscle growth according to a study recently published in Cell Metabolism, a Cell Press journal. This signaling compound, known as serum response factor (Srf), essentially translates the mechanical signals of muscular work into a chemical signal that promotes protein synthesis. The numerous mechanisms behind training adaptations are extremely intricate and still not completely understood.

American Dietetic Association Becomes Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 14:19:00 GMT

Effective January 2012 The American Dietetic Association the world's largest organization of food and nutrition professionals will change its name to the Academy of Nutrition and DieteticsThe announcement of the name change was actually made in September by registered dietitian and ADA President Sylvia Escott-Stump at the Opening Session of ADA's 2011 Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo in San Diego, Calif.

Top 5 Health Trends for 2012

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 11:17:37 GMT

The Values Institute at DGWB (a social science research entity based in Santa Ana, CA) used observational studies to identify the top five health and wellness trends among Americans in 2012. The agency’s Balanced Healthy practice teamed up with Iconoculture of Minneapolis (international research firm) in early 2011 to study the behavior of Americans who actively attempt to maintain or improve their health (currently considered about 74% of the population).

Stress, Cortisol and Abdominal Weight Gain

Mon, 16 Jan 2012 11:14:21 GMT

Many individuals annually encounter weight gain during the holiday season partly due to higher stress levels, less free time to engage in exercise, and additional caloric consumption at social events. A new study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) published in the online Journal of Obesity explored the methods and effectiveness of mindful eating and stress-reduction techniques to help in the prevention of weight gain without diet intervention.

The Industry Defense Fund

Mon, 09 Jan 2012 12:10:38 GMT

The International Health, Racquet, and Sports club Association (IHRSA) launched the 2012 Campaign for the Industry Defense Fund. Donations to the fund allow IHRSA to continue to work hard for the protection of the health and fitness industry.

Monetary Incentives for Wellness?

Wed, 04 Jan 2012 11:28:21 GMT

According to a survey conducted by the National Business Group on Health this past Fall, more businesses than ever are offering or plan to offer monetary incentives to employees for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. In 2011, 54% of the 335 companies surveyed were using financial rewards in their health promotion programs compared with 36% in 2009.

Correlation between Obesity Hormones and Osteoporosis

Wed, 28 Dec 2011 13:10:47 GMT

New research from the University of Gothenburg’s Sahlgrenska Academy reveals that obesity-related hormones, specifically adiponectin, appear to be linked to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures. The researchers have seemingly found a connection between elevated levels of serum adiponectin and more fragile skeletal structures as well as reduced muscle strength and mass. In summary, the obesity-related hormone appears to be related to accelerated functional ageing.

HCG Products Are Illegal

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 16:36:21 GMT

The level of popularity of most weight loss programs/products seems to be strongly correlated with the advertised amount of pounds that people can lose, usually in the shortest possible timeframe. The quicker the weight loss the more popular the diet/program seems to be. Although the weight loss obtained with the most popular diets/products can be simply explained with the energy balance equation, companies tend to make the consumer believe that there is a magic component in the product that is doing the work for them.

15 Minutes of Daily Exercise Lengthens Life

Thu, 15 Dec 2011 12:52:21 GMT

According to a new study published in The Lancet and funded by the Taiwan Department of Health Clinical Trial and Research Center of Excellence, exercise for only 15 minutes a day (92 min/week) can lengthen the lifespan by three years when compared to inactivity. The benefit observed among the Taiwanese exercisers was applicable to all age groups, both sexes, and those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The estimated reduction in mortality due to an increased lifespan is similar to that which would be seen with a successful tobacco control program. Study senior author Xifeng Wu, MD, PhD states that “exercising at very light levels reduced deaths from any cause by 14%...the benefits of exercise appear to be significant even without reaching the recommended 150 minutes per week based on results of previous research.”

Added Insight on How Caloric Restriction Slows the Aging Process

Mon, 05 Dec 2011 11:11:27 GMT

A number of studies have demonstrated that caloric restriction slows the aging process through mechanisms which ultimately result in a slower rate of telomere erosion. Telomeres are associated with the ability for replication and therefore lower stress in totality leads to longevity. A new study published in the journal Molecular Cell demonstrated that consuming fewer calories slows the aging process and the development of age-related diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes by protecting select enzymes which can exert effects upon DNA.

Workforce Health Improvement Plan Introduced to Senate

Tue, 22 Nov 2011 10:51:21 GMT

Over the past couple of years, there has been a great deal of discussion surrounding the Workforce Health Improvement Plan (WHIP) Act. The purpose of the Act is to improve the health and well-being of American employees by supporting healthy lifestyle initiatives in the workplace. The Act was introduced in early October to the Senate by Senators John Cornyn (R-TX) and Tom Harkin (D-IA).

Can Obesity Alter Conductivity of the Heart?

Tue, 15 Nov 2011 10:29:31 GMT

Recent research from the University of Adelaide in Australia has demonstrated that obesity directly causes electrical abnormalities in the heart. Lead researcher, Dr. Hany Abed states there is growing evidence that obesity alters the structure and size of the heart muscle, the fashion in which it contracts, and conduction efficiency. Changes in electrical function frequently lead to atrial fibrillation, characterized by “quivering” of the heart muscles of the atria instead of coordinated contractions. It can be identified by taking a pulse and observing that the heartbeats do not occur at regular intervals.

Green Vegetables and Immune Function

Wed, 09 Nov 2011 14:00:21 GMT

Recent research published in the journal Cell examined the effects of green vegetable consumption on immune system function. It appears that there are chemical signaling molecules and receptor activators related to immune system tasks found in components of (primarily) cruciferous vegetables.Common cruciferous vegetables include:

Kale	Collard greens	Cabbage
Broccoli	Brussels sprouts	Cauliflower
Bok choy	Turnips	Mustard seeds
Watercress	Radishes	Wasabi

Omega-3 fatty Acids and Osteoarthritis

Fri, 04 Nov 2011 15:39:41 GMT

New research published in the journal Osteoarthritis and Cartilage has shown for the first time that omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from either fish or flax oil could significantly reduce the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA). Omega-3-rich diets fed to guinea pigs (which naturally develop OA) in the recent study appeared to reduce the prevalence of disease by 50% when compared to a standard diet. The investigation is considered a major step towards demonstrating the use of omega-3 FAs for slowing down the progression of OA as well as improving overall joint health.

Alberta, Canada First Province to Implement Healthy Lifestyle Program

Tue, 25 Oct 2011 16:34:51 GMT

The International Health, Racquet, and Sports club Association (IHRSA) is reporting that in an effort to combat childhood obesity, Alberta, Canada is implementing a healthy lifestyle program. The program aims to educate both parents and children over a ten-week period, where they attend two meetings each week which focus on proper nutritional strategies and maintaining a healthy weight through exercise.

Letter Asks “Supercommittee” to Maintain Prevention and Public Health Funding

Mon, 17 Oct 2011 02:19:23 GMT

The International Health, Racquet, and Sports club Association (IRHSA) has signed on along with 100 national organizations to a letter being sent to the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction (aka the “supercommittee”) asking that the funding for a number of health promotion programs not be reduced, specifically the Prevention and Public Health Fund. The letter cites research underscoring the significance of prevention and the return on investment that health promotion can lead to in the health care industry.

15 Minutes of Daily Exercise Lengthens Life

Tue, 11 Oct 2011 13:16:26 GMT

Celebrate National Breast Cancer Awareness Month

Tue, 04 Oct 2011 13:42:14 GMT

National Breast Cancer Awareness Month (NBCAM) educates women about the importance of early detection for breast cancer. Since NBCAM’s inception, mammography use has doubled, and breast cancer death rates have declined.

Medicare Recipients May Receive Treatment for Obesity

Mon, 03 Oct 2011 11:55:31 GMT

The Campaign to End Obesity is reporting that Medicare beneficiaries may become eligible for “unprecedented obesity treatment services” if the proposal being considered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is approved. The CMS is reviewing a proposal for “intensive behavioral therapy” which would focus on sustained weight loss through interventions such as regular exercise participation, nutritional counseling, and regular screenings for BMI as well as periodic behavioral counseling.

Obesity Still on the Rise

Mon, 26 Sep 2011 15:13:18 GMT

According to a report published in the British medical journal The Lancet, half of all adults in the United States will be classified as obese by the year 2030. Reports earlier in 2011 indicated that perhaps the obesity numbers were finally reaching a plateau after years of public awareness campaigns and healthy lifestyle education programs.

September is National Childhood Obesity Awareness Month

Tue, 20 Sep 2011 10:33:21 GMT

While data shows that obesity numbers continue to rise, perhaps the most frightening numbers related to obesity are those among the children in the United States. More than 23 million children over the age of 2 are either obese or overweight.

Aerobic? Resistance? Both?

Mon, 12 Sep 2011 15:04:21 GMT

What is the best type of exercise to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease? Does aerobic exercise do the job alone? What affect does strength training have on the risk? Is there a combination of the two which will provide the best results for an at risk population? A group of researchers at Duke University Medical Center assigned 196 overweight, sedentary adults to three study groups to find out. The first group worked out three days a week on eight resistance machines using both upper and lower body muscles. The aerobic group did two hours of cardiovascular training on aerobic machines totaling the equivalent of 12 miles of jogging or walking. The third group followed both exercise regimens. After the study duration of eight months, over 25% of the exercisers had dropped out of the study. In addition, incomplete health testing limited the data analysis of many others in the study. Ultimately, the pre- and post-exercise status of 86 participants was analyzed.

Watching TV Causes Disease?

Tue, 06 Sep 2011 13:53:14 GMT

According to a recent article in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers at the Harvard School for Public Health have quantified the effects of television watching as a risk factor for type II diabetes, death due to cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. In a meta analysis of eight studies, Dr. Frank Hu and associates found that for every two hours of television watching, the absolute risk differences for developing type II diabetes was 176 cases per 100,000 people per year; for fatal cardiovascular disease, 38 cases per 100,000 people per year; and for all-cause mortality, 104 deaths per 100,000 per year.

Health Clubs in Maryland Facing Legal Battles

Mon, 29 Aug 2011 15:23:52 GMT

In light of recent events in Maryland, the International Health, Racquet, and Sports club Association (IHRSA) is recommending that health club owners “review all their State’s statutory requirements and verify compliance.”

Will Courts Ruling on Affordable Care Act Affect Gyms?

Mon, 22 Aug 2011 13:32:24 GMT

In early August, the 11th United States Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against the Affordable Care Act, the new health care law signed by President Obama earlier this year. The Court of Appeals ruled the insurance mandate component of the Act to be unconstitutional. It seems likely that the debate will continue and ultimately end up in the United States Supreme Court (USSC). There are many intricate components to the Affordable Care Act, not only including the insurance mandate, but also aspects which directly relate to the Fitness Industry.

Strength Training during Pregnancy. Is it Safe?

Mon, 15 Aug 2011 15:30:49 GMT

Recommendations for physical activity during pregnancy are often limited to aerobic-type exercises of low to moderate intensity. This commonly occurs as obstetricians are hesitant when it comes to recommending/prescribing strength training to their pregnant patients. Although professionals often cite a lack of knowledge and general ignorance to exercise by obstetricians, a more respectful conclusion appears to be extrapolated from the known physiological changes experienced during pregnancy. For example, pregnancy elevates the concentration of the hormone relaxin, which could increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury during strength training since it makes the connective tissue more lax. Other articles have suggested increased internal pressures created from stability may create a negative increase in blood and abdominal pressures. However, little research has been published on the effects of strength training during pregnancy. In a recent study published by O’Connor, et al. in the Journal of Physical Activity and Health (2011) researchers found that the adoption of a supervised, low-to-moderate intensity strength training program during pregnancy can be both safe and efficacious for pregnant women. The research performed at the University of Georgia recruited 32 women between 18 to 38 years of age, between 21 to 25 weeks gestation and with back pain or a history of back pain. The participants were asked to perform the following exercises as part of a low-to-moderate intensity strength training twice per week for 12 weeks:

Virtual Training Partner Motivation

Mon, 08 Aug 2011 16:24:34 GMT

The increasing presence of technology in our lives is driving more and more virtual interactions. These virtual relationships can range from social networking to education to business management to…exercise? Virtual exercise does not suggest simulation, but rather interaction with virtual trainers and engaging video activities. A recent article published in the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (2011) by researchers at Michigan State University (MSU) reveals that working out with a virtual partner can effectively improve motivation. This might be a potential ‘fix’ for individuals who cannot find a viable exercise partner. The study, led by Deborah Feltz, chairperson of MSU’s Department of Kinesiology, specifically investigated the Kohler effect on motivation in exercise-themed video games. The Kohler effect is essentially a description of the phenomenon seen where inferior team members in a group setting will perform better when surrounded by superior team members than they would if engaging in a given endeavor by themselves. “Our results suggest working out with virtually present, superior partners can improve motivation on exercise game tasks,” said Feltz. She explains that the incorporation of design features based on the Kohler effect could increase the ability of health video games to motivate participants to vigorous-level exercise. This would be a very beneficial development as one of the key hurdles people specify related to training attrition is a lack of motivation. Previous research has clearly and repeatedly illustrated that a workout partner increases motivation – and with a virtual partner, social anxiety and other potential issues related to traditional exercise can be averted.

2011 Updated Obesity Statistics

Mon, 01 Aug 2011 14:12:21 GMT

12 states now have obesity rates above 30% (4 years ago there was only one)
20 years ago no state had obesity levels above 15% (today 38 states have obesity levels over 25%)
Regionally, the highest obesity levels are in the South (9 of 10 states with highest obesity rates)
Mississippi has had the highest obesity rates for the past 7 years running

Presidential Active Lifestyle Award (PALA)

Mon, 25 Jul 2011 13:16:49 GMT

The President’s Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition is running a campaign to increase physical activity in the American population; with distinct categories for both adults and children. The comprehensive program allows individuals to take an initial fitness test, input results online for comparative data, and then track progress, accumulating points for regular participation in physical activity over an 8 week period. Individuals who successfully meet the recommendations are eligible for the Presidential Active Lifestyle Award (PALA).

Pedometers vs. Accelerometers

Tue, 19 Jul 2011 09:12:31 GMT

Quantifying activity is an extremely relevant component to any successful weight management program. Pedometers and accelerometers serve as inexpensive and reliable objective methods for measuring physical activity (PA). The question exists as to the accuracy of the devices in the prediction of physical activity and consistency between measures. In an article by Kinnumen, et al. published in BMC Public Health (2011) researchers compared the number of pedometer step counts with accelerometer data in pregnant women in free-living conditions to assess agreement between the two measures.

Weight Gain Foods

Mon, 11 Jul 2011 12:17:11 GMT

In a recent report published in the New England Journal of Medicine (2011) researchers identified several factors that demonstrate consistency for long-term weight gain. Long-term weight gain, or creeping obesity as it is sometimes called, seems to be linked to several common American traits; the intake of specific foods, number of hours of sleep per night, volume of exercise, and TV watching all correlated with weight gain over time. It is well documented that sleeping patterns, amount of activity and television watching are all associated with weight gain, but interestingly the intake of ten food categories correlated with the likelihood, or not, of weight gain. Researchers tracked 120,000 participants in three large studies (Nurses’ Health Study I and II and Health Professionals Follow-up Study) and evaluated the common links between weight gain over 4-year periods.

United States Launches National Prevention Strategy; Federal Grants for Worksite Wellness

Tue, 05 Jul 2011 12:57:34 GMT

For the first time in its history, the United States National Prevention Council released a national strategic plan aimed at promoting America’s well-being via healthy living. The principle behind the plan is to change American’s thinking about health care. Instead of drugs, tests, scans, etc coming to mind, the idea is to get American’s to view their health care in terms of proper nutrition, tobacco cessation, and curbing substance abuse; all components of healthy lifestyle behaviors. The National Prevention Strategy seeks to provide infrastructure and policy changes to corporations, municipalities, businesses, etc in an effort to allow for better access to facilities for safe and effective exercise.

Caloric Restriction, Lower Body Temperature, and Longevity

Tue, 28 Jun 2011 15:43:20 GMT

Previous studies have demonstrated that animals that consume fewer calories live significantly longer than littermates eating a standard diet. Part of the findings also identified the animals consuming the restricted diets had a lower core temperature, causing postulations as to a relationship. Now researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have published a paper in the journal Aging documenting that people on restricted caloric diets present with a lower core temperature as well. In the study three experimental groups had body temperatures monitored telemetrically. One group of 24 individuals over 50 years of age, who had consumed restricted caloric intakes (25% or more) for over 6 years, were compared to another group of 24 individuals of the same age who consumed a traditional Western diet with a higher caloric intake and increased fat content.

Watching TV Increases Disease Risk

Mon, 20 Jun 2011 02:58:27 GMT

cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. In a meta analysis of eight studies, Dr. Frank Hu and associates found that for every two hours of television watching per day, risk increased 20% for developing type II diabetes; fatal cardiovascular disease risk increased 15%, and all-cause mortality risk increases 13%. For each additional two hours of TV watching per day the numbers of diabetes cases and the number of cardiovascular deaths increased linearly.

USDA Replaces MyPyramid with “My Plate”

Tue, 14 Jun 2011 15:03:51 GMT

After 19 years, the food guide pyramid, or more familiarly named MyPyramid, has been replaced by the USDA’s new “MyPlate.” The new icon is a plate divided into 4 color-coded sections – red for fruits, orange for grains, green for vegetables, and purple for protein with a separate blue side dish for dairy. The food guide pyramid was “simply too complex to serve as a quick and easy guide for American families,” said Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack during the press conference announcement. First Lady Michelle Obama also spoke highly of the MyPlate icon, saying it is “a wonderful, kid-friendly tool. What’s more simple than a plate? I’m confident that families will find this useful. They can start using this today.”

Weight Loss and Lean Mass

Mon, 06 Jun 2011 15:32:11 GMT

Weight loss is not only a goal of those with excess body fat, but is also the desire of many athletes and fitness enthusiasts at different times of the year and for different sport seasons. Different strategies have been used in the past to address the weight loss goal. While wrestlers and athletes participating in other weight-specific sports historically have used rapid weight loss with aggressive techniques, others require the maintenance of lean mass for successful participation, like rugby and basketball players. Fitness enthusiasts also tend to want to remain muscular when reducing body fat so bodybuilding tactics have been used to slowly lose weight over 12-16 weeks.

BAI the New BMI?

Tue, 31 May 2011 13:01:43 GMT

A new index is being proposed to replace the long standing Body Mass Index (BMI). Rather than a stature weight index using weight divided by height squared, the new Body Adipocity Index relies on height and hip measures (at the level of the apex of the glute or maximum extension of the buttocks posteriorly in a horizontal plane). The BMI system has several potential problems as it does not delineate composition nor does it supply differential values between men and women of the same height and weight.

Federal Funding Update

Mon, 23 May 2011 11:06:51 GMT

On May 18, 2011 the United States Department of Education approved $78.8 million for fiscal year 2011 for the Carol M. White Physical Education Program (PEP). The PEP fund primarily focuses on improving the availability and quality of physical education programs in America’s schools. “We couldn’t be more pleased with this news,” said IHRSA President and CEO Joe Moore. “IHRSA’s vision is one of a society that encourages primary prevention and healthy lifestyles, and this is a big step toward realizing that vision.

PNF over Static Stretching

Mon, 16 May 2011 12:31:21 GMT

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching has been considered a more effective technique for stretching clients over traditional partner-assisted static stretching. Currently, there is limited research that compares the effects of a single bout of these stretching techniques. O’Hora et al. compared therapist-applied, active-assisted stretching of the hamstring for 30-second versus a single bout of therapist-applied, PNF stretching using a 6-second hamstring (agonist) contraction. Forty-five healthy subjects between the ages of 21 and 35 were randomly placed in either the active-stretch group, PNF group or a control group who received no treatment. Each subject was measured in the supine position with the hip at 90° flexion using a universal goniometer and flexibility of the hamstring was determined by a range of passive knee extension.

Safflower Oil and Heart Disease

Mon, 09 May 2011 14:38:00 GMT

A recent study conducted by a research team at Ohio State University and scheduled for future publication in the journal Clinical Nutrition showed that a daily dose of safflower oil (contains the polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid) for 16 weeks provided improved health measures related to HDL (good cholesterol) levels, blood sugar, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory markers among a group of obese post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted 18 months after the research team discovered that safflower oil reduced abdominal fat and increased muscle tissue in the same group of women after 16 weeks of supplementation. The health measures seemingly improved by the safflower oil supplementation are associated with metabolic syndrome; a group of pathologies that can increase the risk for many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Individuals with metabolic syndrome commonly have a number of the following conditions: excess visceral fat, borderline or high blood pressure, cholesterol problems that promote atherosclerosis, insulin resistance as well as high serum triglycerides.

Are Successful Dieters Angry People?

Mon, 02 May 2011 11:37:22 GMT

Psychological aspects such as the driving forces of personality and motivation can be major determining factors behind an individual’s adherence to an exercise or diet plan. Motivation for change as it relates to any health or fitness goal must be supplemented with a measure of self-control and discipline for success. Indeed, one of the major roles of a personal trainer is to serve as a driving motivational force for individuals who need extra guidance based on a lack of built-in drive. A recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research sought to investigate the emotional and psychological connections among individuals who are able to exert significant self-control for adherence to challenges such as a strict dieting plan.

Diet High in Fiber Associated with Decreased Disease

Mon, 25 Apr 2011 11:29:00 GMT

According to Northwestern School of Medicine high fiber content in the diet may be even more important than once thought. Certainly the association between fiber content in the diet and reduced risk for cardio-metabolic disease and some cancers speaks to its importance. In the new study presented at the American Heart Association’s - Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism/Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Conference, authors demonstrated that fiber intake was associated with lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease. The study found that for adults between the ages of 20 and 59 years old those with the highest fiber intake had a significantly lower estimated lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (America’s top killer) compared to those with the lowest fiber intake. According to Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, chair of the department of preventive medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, it has been know that “high-fiber diets can help people lose weight, lower cholesterol and improve hypertension.

New Strategic Plan to Combat Diabetes Developed by National Institutes of Health

Mon, 18 Apr 2011 16:35:27 GMT

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently announced a new strategic plan to guide diabetes-related research over the next decade. The plan was developed by a federal work group led by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) with the aim of identifying research opportunities with the utmost potential to benefit the millions of Americans currently living with or at risk for diabetes and its numerous complications. NIDDK Director Griffin P. Rodgers, M.D. states that by “setting priorities and identifying the most compelling research opportunities, the strategic plan will guide NIH, other federal agencies and the investigative community in efforts to improve diabetes treatments and identify ways to keep more people healthy.”

De-Regulation of the Florida Health Club Industry?

Tue, 12 Apr 2011 11:37:13 GMT

In late March 2011, the Florida House Committee on Economic Affairs listened to proposed legislation, House Bill 5005 (HB 5005) that, if enacted, would repeal current laws that govern health clubs in the State of Florida. HB 5005 would apply to for-profit businesses, while exempting current non-for-profit fitness facilities. The bill would have an immediate effect on Florida gyms in the following manner:

Effect of Fitness and Physical Activity on Bone Mass in Adolescents: The HELENA Study

Mon, 04 Apr 2011 14:02:11 GMT

Although the myth of exercise stunting one’s growth has long been dispelled there is new attention focused on adolescents and bone mineral content; more specifically, what factors determine healthy bone development. Most bone mass development is completed by age 18, whereas mineral content can continue to increase until about age 30. A large question still exists about the role of nutrition and physical activity on progressive bone content with age. In a recent study, investigators analyzed the bone mass of 373 Spanish adolescents (182 males) and the effect of physical fitness performance measures such as strength and speed, as well as the volume of physical activity engaged in per day on bone content. Two specific groups of adolescents were defined based on daily participation of physical activity (PA) and measured for physical fitness performance. Bone mineral content (BMC) was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and PA was measured using accelerometers.

Americans Exercise Frequency Increases – Slightly

Mon, 28 Mar 2011 18:53:11 GMT

Results from the latest Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index reveal that the number of Americans who exercise at least 30 minutes per day at a frequency of least 3 days/week rose from 2009 (49.6%) to 2010 (51.1%). In addition from 2009 to 2010 the number of individuals who did NOT exercise at all dropped from 31.3% to 30.0%, respectively. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends Americans accumulate 150 minutes of “moderate-intensity aerobic activity” per week or 75 minutes of “vigorous-intensity aerobic activity.”

Implementation of the National Physical Activity Plan

Mon, 21 Mar 2011 13:41:21 GMT

The National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity (NCPPA) has developed a report titled Make the Move, which is designed to establish implementation strategies and priorities for the National Physical Activity Plan. The report focuses not only on long-term goals related to health and fitness policy and programs, but also on short-term initiatives aimed at getting Americans more active and leading a healthier lifestyle as soon as possible.

The Mediterranean Diet and Blood Lipids

Tue, 15 Mar 2011 18:40:11 GMT

The Mediterranean diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and olive oil and in its origin was consumed by those who engaged in routine physical activity but not necessarily structured exercise. Statistically, it demonstrates a lower prevalence and progression of metabolic syndrome and its components which include obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance, based on the results from a meta-analysis of 50 studies. According to Demosthenes Panagiotakos, PhD, of Harokopio University in Greece, and colleagues, compared to their controlled-diet counterparts, patients who followed the Mediterranean diet had better outcomes for waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and glucose, as well as reduced risk of metabolic syndrome.

Key Factors for Fall Prevention

Mon, 07 Mar 2011 10:46:30 GMT

Falling is a serious problem among older adults that can result in severe injuries such as hip fractures or head trauma. It is estimated that one in three older adults have a significant fall each year; making falling the leading cause of injury-related death among adults 65 years and older (18,000 cases in 2007). A recent review in the Annals of Internal Medicine takes a novel look at primary care interventions to prevent falls among older adults, and is set to serve as the foundation for new updates to current U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations. The current recommendations developed by the USPSTF were formulated by focusing on specific diseases, well-defined preventative interventions, and explicit evidence for improved health outcomes; but this model has been hard to apply with many elderly patients because in reality important outcomes such as functional disability and quality of life are difficult to measure and report in ways that allow for proper data synthesis and consequent implementation.

Habits During Youth Affect Lipid Profile During Adulthood

Thu, 03 Mar 2011 11:17:20 GMT

It is well documented that specific lifestyle and dietary habits as well as the type and quantity of physical activity engaged in can affect an individual’s blood lipid profile. New research in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine examines the effects of unhealthy habits during childhood on the likelihood of developing unhealthy cholesterol levels during adulthood. The primary components observed were the presence of significant adiposity, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy habits such as smoking during youth. Dr. Costan Magnussen and colleagues from the University of Turku in Finland suggest that beneficial changes in modifiable risk factors such as high body fat and lack of physical activity between childhood and adulthood have the potential to take an individual from a high-risk blood lipid profile during youth to low-risk levels during adulthood.

WHIP Re-Introduced to Senate as part of HeLP America Act

Mon, 28 Feb 2011 10:51:00 GMT

Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa has reintroduced the Workforce Health Improvement Program Act (WHIP) as part of the Healthier Lifestyles and Prevention American Act (HeLP America Act). The WHIP portion of the bill is of particular importance for personal trainers and the fitness industry because, if passed, the WHIP Act would allow employers to set aside pre-tax dollars for off-site health clubs memberships. The overall goal of the HeLP and WHIP Acts is to reduce obesity, reduce chronic disease, reduce healthcare costs while improving the lifestyle habits of all Americans.

USDA and HHS Announce New Dietary Guidelines

Mon, 21 Feb 2011 14:18:00 GMT

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans was released on January 31, 2011 by Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Kathleen Sebelius. According to a press release from the United States Department of Agriculture, the guidelines represent “the federal government’s evidence-based nutritional guidance to promote health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity through improved nutrition and physical activity.” Due to growing concerns about the ever expanding waistlines of Americans, particularly American youths, the latest edition of Dietary Guidelines for Americans has a distinct focus on increased physical activity and caloric expenditure in addition to a concerted effort to reduce caloric consumption.

Resistance Training for Oxidative Protection

Mon, 14 Feb 2011 10:02:00 GMT

A study recently published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research examined the effects of varying-intensity resistance training programs on markers of oxidative stress. The primary purposes of the study were to determine if acute resistance exercise training (RET) promotes oxidative stress, to establish if chronic RET can decrease oxidative stress levels at rest, and to investigate the differences in training-induced oxidative stress response when utilizing varying RET intensities. Sixteen young male participants without previous RET experience were randomly divided into two groups; a hypertrophy-intensity group and a strength-intensity group. Both groups trained three times a week on non-consecutive days for a total of six weeks. The hypertrophy group performed 3 sets of 12 repetitions for six exercises at an intensity corresponding to 70% of a 1RM, while the strength group performed 3 sets of 6 repetitions for six exercises at 85% of a 1RM.

A Quick Look at the Personal Training Industry

Tue, 08 Feb 2011 14:04:58 GMT

The National Council on Strength & Fitness has recently completed its industry-wide personal trainer role delineation study. The goal is to define the scope of practice for the personal trainer and ensure the knowledge and skill set of the practitioner correlates with the required job tasks. In order to achieve this, the organization reached out to over 80,000 industry professionals representing the various aspects of the profession including; academics, facilities management and ownership, corporate and independent personal training, and strength and conditioning. One particular component of the study is to collect and process demographic information in efforts to best identify market dynamics and trends in the work force. Of the persons that completed the survey portion of the study this is what was identified.

Aortic Stiffness and Obese Children

Mon, 07 Feb 2011 16:42:20 GMT

A new study by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada compared the incidence of cardiovascular disease indicators among normal weight and obese children. It is clearly understood that a state of obesity increases the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and type II diabetes among adults, but the current study investigates these correlations specifically among children. Dr. Kevin Harris and colleagues evaluated 63 obese and 55 normal weight (control group) children with a mean age of 13 years. Blood pressure, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), and Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) of the aorta were measured. PWV assesses aortic stiffness by looking at blood flow speed through the structure. Increased stiffness of the aorta is usually associated with aging, and is a strong predictor of future cardiac events and mortality. Essentially, greater elasticity (or lack of stiffness) allows for the proper and efficient flow of blood. The level of elasticity, or lack thereof, was examined through utilization of ultrasound imaging of the heart and associated blood vessels. Systolic blood pressure was found to be only marginally higher in the obese children, while blood lipid levels were normal in both groups.

Heat Training to Boost Performance in Cold Conditions

Tue, 01 Feb 2011 15:06:12 GMT

A recent study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology examined the impact of heat acclimation on improving exercise performance in hot and cool environments. It is the first study to evaluate the performance-related effects of heat acclimation in cool conditions. Becoming acclimated to hot training conditions results in a variety of physiological changes including; an increased sweating rate, quicker onset of sweating, increased cutaneous blood flow, enhanced capability to retain electrolytes, and an expansion of blood plasma volume. Twelve trained cyclists performed tests of maximal aerobic power (VO2max), time-trial performance, and lactate threshold in both hot and cool environments before and after a 10 day heat acclimation program (~50% VO2max in 104°F). Eight matched control subjects completed the same exercise tests in the same environments before and after 10 days of identical training (compared to the heat acclimation program) in a cool environment (55°F).

Energy Cost of Walking for Different Body Sizes

Wed, 26 Jan 2011 17:16:00 GMT

A study recently published in the Journal of Experimental Biology investigated the differences in energy cost for walking among individuals of varying body sizes. Research has frequently scrutinized the phenomenon of energy expenditure variances among individuals of differing anthropometric measurements; but oftentimes discerning the specific component that dictates energy efficiency during a given movement is challenging to isolate. As a generality, it appears that larger people are more economical walkers than smaller people. A new study led by Dr. Peter Weyland from Southern Methodist University and Dr. Maurice Puyau and Dr. Nancy Butte from the USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center take an in-depth look into this phenomenon by examining the effects of metabolic rate, bodyweight, and height on energy efficiency during walking. The study participants included a group of volunteers ranging from five to 32 years of age, weighing between 15.9kg and 88.7kg, and ranging in height from 1.07m to 1.83m.

FDA Sends a Stern Warning to the Supplement Industry

Mon, 24 Jan 2011 14:29:00 GMT

A letter from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was recently sent to manufacturers of dietary supplements expressing concern about undeclared or deceptively labeled ingredients in products currently on the market. The letter will be sure to fall into the hands of major industry players as the FDA is working with five major trade associations, such as the Council for Responsible Nutrition and the American Herbal Products Association, to ensure the warning is communicated effectively. The substances of concern include active ingredients seen in FDA-approved drugs (by prescription) or other compounds that do not qualify as dietary ingredients. The FDA in recent times has already alerted consumers of nearly 300 of these tainted products marketed as dietary supplements; many of which have caused their users injury or illness.

Youth Sports and Meeting Recommneded Exercise Goals

Tue, 18 Jan 2011 10:17:00 GMT

Providing opportunities for children and adolescents to acquire enough activity each day for optimal health appears to be developing into an increasingly challenging objective. The US government’s physical activity guidelines suggest that children should attain at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity each day. As technology-based entertainment hold dominion over many youths’ interests, recess and physical education is removed from an increasing percentage of school curriculums, and parents are having a harder time finding safe and affordable locations for their children to engage in exercise we consequently see the prevalence of obesity among youth sky-rocketing at an alarming rate - as very few attain the minimal recommended activity level each day. A new study published in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine looks into this issue by examining the extent of physical activity and health benefits provided while participating in common youth sport programs. According to this study, it appears that youth sport programs do not quite have the vivacity necessary to effectively thwart the progression of obesity among youth, due mainly to sub-par durations of moderate to vigorous activity encountered during practice and other team functions.

Is Bikram Yoga Effective for Weight Loss?

Thu, 06 Jan 2011 17:08:11 GMT

All across the globe, many forms of yoga are currently practiced, with purported benefits including enhanced flexibility and functional range of motion, improved muscular strength, endurance, and stability, improved balance, increased caloric expenditure for weight loss, and improved mental or spiritual health. A recent article published in The Times of India looks into the overall effectiveness of a special type of yoga referred to as Bikram, or hot yoga, as it relates to weight loss and caloric expenditure. Bikram yoga is a specialized system that emphasizes a set series of 26 postures and two breathing exercises in a room heated to 105°F with a humidity of 40%; hence appropriately earning its nickname - hot yoga.

Diabetes Still on the Rise

Mon, 03 Jan 2011 13:04:12 GMT

The UnitedHealth Group’s Center for Health Reform and Modernization recently released a report titled United States of Diabetes that provides detailed information on the increasing prevalence of the disease and its astronomical growth rate. By the year 2020, the report estimates that more than half (52%) of all Americans will have diabetes, with an estimated cost to the healthcare system of $3.35 trillion over the next 10 years. Perhaps the most disturbing component of the report, especially for the fitness community, is that the primary cause of diabetes is still obesity. Poor nutritional habits coupled with low levels of physical activity remain the leading contributors to expanding American waistlines and notable increases in body fat. Sedentary lifestyles are directly related diabetes development and premature death particularly when combined with obesity.