Reduced insulin sensitivity is considered a major determinant for increased risk of type-2 diabetes, and it leads to the common disparities associated with the disease. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that permits glucose to enter cells allowing for energy utilization or storage for later use. In an individual with reduced insulin sensitivity, the pancreas must augment insulin production which causes pancreatic beta cell fatigue. Ultimately, this can result in the pancreas being unable to maintain blood glucose levels due to inability to produce sufficient insulin. This domino-effect of hormonal dysfunction can subsequently contribute to type-2 diabetes. In a current study featured in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (2009) the relationship between moderate exercise and insulin sensitivity in obese sedentary adolescents was investigated. The study revealed that a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program regardless of weight loss can result in improved insulin sensitivity. This is significant as weight loss can be difficult within the obese adolescent demographic due to multifaceted dynamics at that age. In the study, 29 adolescents (14 lean and 15 obese) engaged in a 12-week aerobic training program. The subjects utilized a treadmill, elliptical or cycle ergometer four times per week at approximately 70% of their tested VO2 max. Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured before and after each exercise session. The results show that a moderate-intensity aerobic training program can aid in insulin mediation in obese adolescents without the additional factors of weight loss or dieting. (Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, September 2009)